#UWWRankings

Greco-Roman stars maintain top spot in rankings

By Vinay Siwach

CORSIER-SUR-VEVEY (May 28) -- No other style saw as many changes in rankings as Greco-Roman. With intense battles at the European and Asian Championships, wrestlers saw big movements in the rankings.

A few world champion lost their top spots while others consolidated their ranks as the senior World Championships approached in September. Only three more events are remaining in which wrestlers can obtain ranking points.

Here are the big changes in the Greco-Roman rankings after the four continental championships that were held over the last three months. The full rankings can be accessed at uww.org.

Ken MatsuiKen MATSUI (JPN) won the 55kg title in Oslo. (Photo: UWW / Martin Gabor)

55kg
World champion in 2021 Ken MATSUI (JPN) still holds the top rank at 55kg with 43000 points. This despite him missing the Asian Championships after failing to win the Japan selection trials.

Bronze medalist at the same Worlds Eldaniz AZIZLI (AZE) added a European gold medal to take his tally to 39000 points and move past Emin SEFERSHAEV (RWF) who has now slipped to fourth with his 35000 points. The third spot is taken by Nugzari TSURTSUMIA (GEO) with 37000 points as he won a silver medal at the European Championships.

Ekrem OZTURK (TUR) and Norayr HAKHOYAN (ARM) had finished fifth at the '21 Worlds and each has 23000 points to be ranked fifth and sixth respectively.

Carrying over 16200 points from the Worlds, Sardarbek KONUSHBAEV (KGZ) takes the seventh spot 

He finished 10th at both the World and European Championships which takes Fabian SCHMITT (GER) to the eighth position with 15400 points.

In a close race from there, Khorlan ZHAKANSHA (KAZ) takes the ninth spot with 15000 points, followed by Amangali BEKBOLATOV (KAZ) who won the Istanbul Ranking event and a silver medal at the Asian Championships. He has 14400 points.

Max NOWRY (USA) won 5000 points for his Pan-Am title which helped him to 13500 points and 11th spot. Koriun SAHRADIAN (UKR) has 10600 points at 12th.

Asian champion Yu SHIOTANI (JPN) is 13th with 10000 points followed by Hyeokjin JEON (KOR) at 14th with 8800 points, and Adem UZUN (TUR) at 15th with 8000 points.

Victor CIOBANU (MDA)Victor CIOBANU (MDA) has 68000 points at the top at 60kg. (Photo: UWW / Martin Gabor)

60kg
Victor CIOBANU (MDA) finished at the Olympics and later won the World Championships to claim the top rank at 63kg. He has not competed in this weight class since but still remains the top wrestler with 68000 points. World silver and Asian champion Zholaman SHARSHENBEKOV (KGZ) is a close second with 63200 points.

Olympic champion Luis ORTA (CUB) has slipped to third with 51000 points as he has not competed since winning the gold medal in Tokyo. Neither has Tokyo silver Kenichiro FUMITA (JPN) as he is fourth with 41400 points.

Murad MAMMADOV (AZE) won bronze medals at the World and European Championships which have helped him climb to the fifth spot with 40500 points while another European bronze medalist Gevorg GHARIBYAN is sixth with 34500 points.

Bronze medalists in Tokyo Sergey EMELIN (RWF) and Sailike WALIHAN (CHN) have 34200 points each and are ranked seventh and eighth respectively. Stepan MARYANYAN (RWF) silver-medal run at the Worlds earned him the ninth spot with 31000 points before Maksim KAZHARSKI (BWF) finishes off the top-10 at the 10th spot with 25000 points.

Ayata SUZUKI (JPN) won a bronze at the Asian Championships to be ahead of Gyanender DAHIYA (IND) by 200 points as Suzuku has 24700 points to Dahiya's 24500 points.

At the 13th spot comes Lenur TEMIROV (UKR) with 23000 points as he had finished fifth at the Olympics followed by Mehrdad MARDANI (IRI) at 14th with 17000 points.

European champion Kerem KAMAL (TUR) breaks into the ranking at 15th as he has 16800 points.

Leri ABULADZELeri ABULADZE (GEO) is the top ranked wrestler at 63kg. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

63kg
He could not beat Meysam DALKHANI (IRI) in the World Championships final but Leri ABULADZE (GEO) has beaten the Iranian for the top spot. He now has 50000 points after winning the European title while Dalkhani has 45000 points.

Taleh MAMMADOV (AZE) finished fifth at the Worlds, and won a bronze in Istanbul and silver at the European Championships to accumulate 41200 points and reach the third spot in rankings.

World bronze medalist Kensuke SHIMIZU (JPN) was expected to improve his ranking at the Asian Championships but he finished eighth and got only 4000 points. He now has 35000 points to be ranked fourth.

Lenur TEMIROV (UKR) features in the rankings at 63kg as well as he won a bronze medal at the World Championships at this weight. He has 31000 points in the fifth spot. Erik TORBA (HUN) is ranked sixth with 25000 points which he got for his fifth-place finish at the Worlds.

Hanjae CHUNG (KOR) was seventh at the Worlds and has 18200 points at the seventh spot followed by Deniz MENEKSE (GER) at eighth with 17000 points, Mihai MIHUT (ROU) at ninth with 15500 points and Ahmet UYAR (TUR) at 10th with 14700 points.

Hrachya POGHOSYAN (ARM) missed out on the top-10 as he has 14600 points at 11th. Ibragim LABAZANOV (RWF) is 12th with 14300 points.

Victor CIOBANU (MDA) won a bronze medal at the Istanbul Ranking event at 63kg and finished eighth at the Euros to claim the 14th rank with 13400 points.

Gold medalist in Istanbul finished fifth at the Asian Championships Islomjon BAKHRAMOV (UZB) jumped to 14th as he now has 13000 points.

African champion Abdelkarim FERGAT (ALG) and Asian champion Tynar SHARSHENBEKOV (KGZ) have 10000 points each to be ranked 15th and 16th respectively.

Mohammadreza GERAEI (IRI)Mohammadreza GERAEI (IRI) and Ramaz ZOIDZE (GEO) are one and two in the 67kg rankings. (Photo: UWW / Martin Gabor)

67kg
An Olympic and World title in the same year had propelled Mohammadreza GERAEI (IRI) to the top spot at 67kg and he continues to maintain it with 98000 points. He has since not competed but it is mathematically not possible to remove him from the top.

Ramaz ZOIDZE (GEO) finished fifth at the Olympics but later returned to win a bronze medal at the World Championships before finishing fifth at the European Championships. He is the closest to Geraei in terms of points as he has 66000 points in second place.

Parviz NASIBOV's (UKAR) silver medal at the Olympics is still good to keep him at the third spot with 43400 points while European champion Murat FIRAT (TUR) is close fourth with 40000 points. 

Nazir ABDULLAEV (RWF) won a silver medal at the Worlds and is now fifth with 37000 points while junior and U23 world champion Hasrat JAFAROV trails him by 500 points at sixth with 36500 points. He finished fifth in Oslo and bronze at the Euros.

Mohamed ELSAYED (EGY) got 36200 points for his Tokyo bronze and he is eighth in the rankings while Almat KEBISPAYEV (KAZ) won bronze at Worlds for 31000 points and ninth spot. Morten THORESEN (NOR) is 600 points behind at the 10th spot.

Mateusz BERNATEK (POL) at 11th, Sebastian NAD (SRB) at 12th and Hansu RYU (KOR) at 13th are all within 1000 points of each other.

Artem SURKOV (RWF) with 25000 points takes the 14th spot while Witalis LAZOVSKI (GER) is 15th with 22400 points.

Kristupas SLEIVA (LTU)Kristupas SLEIVA (LTU) is the first Lithuanian to be top ranked in any style. (Photo: UWW / Tony Rotundo)

72kg
Lithuania's star Kristupas SLEIVA (LTU) continues to remain at the top with 48400 points after finishing fifth at the European Championships. He had won a bronze at the World Championships and finished second at the Istanbul event.

A close second is world champion Malkhas AMOYAN (ARM) with 45000 points but he debuted at 77kg at the European Championships this year. Another world bronze medalist Gevorg SAHAKYAN (POL) takes the third spot with 38000 points. Silver medalist Sergei KUTUZOV (RWF) is fourth with 37000 points.

After failing to win a medal at the Worlds, Mohammadreza MOKHTARI (IRI) bounced back to win the Asian Championships and climb to the fifth spot with 35000 points.

Ulvu GANIZADE (AZE) won bronze at Euros after finishing seventh at the Worlds to be placed at sixth with 31980 points while fifth at Worlds Cengiz ARSLAN (TUR) is seventh with 28200 points.

The eighth, ninth and 10th spots are taken by Valentin PETIC (MDA) [21800 points], Mikko PELTOKANGAS (FIN) [21300 points] and Haavard JOERGENSEN (NOR) [18100 points].

Jiyul LEE (KOR) has racked up 15500 points to be placed 11th while Deyvid DIMITROV (BUL) is 12th with 14800 points. 1000 points below at 13th is Abylaikhan AMZEYEV (KAZ).

European champion Robert FRITSCH (HUN) debuts at 14th with 13000 points while silver to him Shmagi BOLKVADZE (GEO) comes in at 15th with 11000 points.

African champion Mohamed KHALIL (EGY) is at 17th with 10000 points.

Sanan SULEYMANOV (AZE)Sanan SULEYMANOV (AZE) is the top ranked wrestler at 77kg. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

77kg
Sanan SULEYMANOV (AZE) failed to win the World or European Championships but his consistent performance to at least finish on the podium has earned him the top spot with 57900 points. His bronze at Euros has helped him move past Mohammadali GERAEI (IRI) who is second with 54000 points.

Akzhol MAKHMUDOV (KGZ) returned to UWW competition after winning the silver at Tokyo with a title-winning performance at the Asian Championships to be ranked third with 51400 points while Tokyo champion Tamas LORINCZ (HUN) has slipped to fourth with 51000 points. World champion Roman VLASOV (RWF) is fifth with 45000 points.

Shohei YABIKU (JPN) and Rafig HUSEYNOV (AZE) won bronze medals in Tokyo and have 34200 points to be placed at sixth and seventh respectively. Viktor NEMES (SRB) is eighth with 31200 points while Roland SCHWARZ (GER) is just 200 points behind at ninth. Pan-Am champion Yosvanys PENA (CUB) had finished 10th at the Olympics and the two tournaments have given him 25300 points to be in the top-10.

Oslo fifth-placers Tsimur BERDYIEU (BWF) and Tamas LEVAI (HUN) are 11th and 12th respectively with 25000 points each while European silver medalist Yunus BASAR (TUR) is 13th with 24000 points, Kodai SAKURABA (JPN) is 14th with 23500 points and Karapet CHALYAN (ARM) is 15th with 23000 points.

Rafig HUSEYNOV (AZE)Rafig HUSEYNOV (AZE) continues to maintain his top spot at 82kg since winning the world title last year. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

82kg
Rafig HUSEYNOV (AZE) and Burhan AKBUDAK (TUR) were involved in a close race at the top after the former won the Worlds and silver to him Akbudak won the Istanbul event. But with Huseynov winning the European title while Akbudak winning bronze at the same event, the Azerbaijan wrestler has taken a lead with 65200 points to Akbudak's 56500 points.

Other wrestlers have not accumulated the same amount of points as World bronze medalists Adlan AKIEV (RWF) and Pejman POSHTAM (IRI) placing third and fourth with 31000 points each. Fifth in Oslo Alex KESSIDIS (SWE) and Laszlo SZABO (HUN) remain fifth and sixth with 25000 points each.

Ranet KALJOLA (EST) is seventh with 22800 points while Edgar BABAYAN (POL) comes in at number eigth with 18200 points.

Mihail BRADU (MDA) won a silver in Istanbul followed by a fifth-place in Budapest to be placed at ninth with 16400 points while Hannes WAGNER (GER) is 10th with 15500 points.

Tarek ABDESLAM (BUL) takes the 11th position with 14300 points while European silver medalist Gela BOLKVADZE (GEO) is 12th with 13000 points.

Dias KALEN (KAZ) won silver at Asian Championships to be ranked at 13th with 11520 points while Tamas LEVAI (HUN) is just 20 points behind at 14th.

Four wrestlers have 10000 points each but African champion Abd OUAKALI (ALG) is 15th, Asian champion Rasoul GARMSIRI (IRI) is 16th and Pan-Am champion Daniel GOMEZ (MEX) at 17th.

Zurabi DATUNASHVILI (SRB)No wrestler can replace Zurabi DATUNASHVILI (SRB) from the top at 87kg till the September World Championships. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

87kg
World champion Zurabi DATUNASHVILI (SRB) had developed such a big lead over his opponents in the rankings that despite missing out on gold medals in Istanbul and Budapest, he still takes the top spot with 92600 points. The second best is Olympic champion Zhan BELENIUK (UKR) with 51000 points.

The rankings don't change for the next four spots with Turpan BISULTANOV (DEN) claiming the seventh spot with 38000 points. He won the European title in Budapest after finishing fifth at the Worlds. Denis KUDLA (GER) is eight with 34200 points while Metehan BASAR (TUR) has some catching to do as he is ninth with 28700 points. Nursultan TURSYNOV (KAZ) takes the 10th spot with 28200 points.

Tokyo Olympian and African champion Bachir SID AZARA (ALG) moves up to 11th with 26200 points while Kristoffer BERG (SWE) moves to 12th with 25600 points. Istvan TAKACS (HUN) got 25000 points for his fifth-place finish in Oslo but he has slipped to 13th.

Pan-Am champion Daniel GREGORICH HECHAVARRIA (CUB) has moved past Tokyo fifth-placers Mohamed METWALLY (EGY) and Ivan HUKLEK (CRO). They have 23000 points each while the Cuban has 500 more points to be at 14th.

A close 17th is Islam ABBASOV (AZE) with 22900 points as he has two big wins over world champ Datunashvili.

Mohammadhadi SARAVI (IRI)Mohammadhadi SARAVI (IRI) takes the top spot at 97kg with 79200 points. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

97kg
Tokyo bronze and world champion Mohammadhadi SARAVI (IRI) continues to maintain his top spot with 79200 points while silver medalist Alex SZOKE (HUN) is second with 60000 points. Olympic champion Musa EVLOEV (RWF) comes in at the third spot with 51000 points.

Arvi SAVOLAINEN (FIN) has medal-winning performances in Istanbul and Budapest after finishing fifth at the Olympics which has helped him to the fourth spot over bronze medalist in Oslo Tracy HANCOCK (USA). Savolainen has 47400 points, 200 more than Hancock. Kiril MILOV (BUL) won the European Championships and has climbed to the sixth spot as he now has 45500 points.

Silver medalist in Tokyo Artur ALEKSANYAN (ARM) has 41400 points and sits at the seventh spot ahead of Tadeusz MICHALIK (POL) who has 39213 points. Giorgi MELIA (GEO) is ninth with 31700 points while World bronze medalist Artur SARGSIAN (RWF) is 10th with 31000 points.

Vilius LAURINAITIS (LTU) takes the 11th spot with 27500 points while Mihail KAJAIA (SRB) comes in at 12th with 26620 points. Murat LOKIAYEV (AZE) is 13th with 26400 points while Nikoloz KAKHELASHVILI (ITA) and Peter OEHLER (GER) have 25000 points each to be 14th and 15th respectively.

Iakobi KAJAIA (GEO)Top-ranked at 130kg Iakobi KAJAIA (GEO) has 20800 point lead over second rank. (Photo: UWW / Bayrem Ben Mrad)

130kg
Iakobi KAJAIA (GEO) finished eighth at the European Championships but his silver at the Olympics and bronze at the Worlds have helped him to the top spot with a considerable lead. He has 76200 points even as European champion Riza KAYAALP (TUR) tries to catch up with 55400 points.

Yasmani ACOSTA (CHI) won bronze at the Pan-Ams and has climbed to third with 54500 points, moving ahead of Olympic champion Mijain LOPEZ (CUB) who has 51000 points at the fourth spot. World champion Aliakbar YOUSOFIAHMADCHALI (IRI) is fifth with 45000 points he got for his gold in Oslo.

Zurabi GEDEKHAURI (RWF) takes the sixth spot with 37000 points followed by Osman YILDIRIM (TUR) with 36000 points.

Beka KANDELAKI (AZE) has 34400 points at the eighth spot while Olympic bronze Sergei SEMENOV (RWF) is ninth with 34200 points. At 10th comes Mantas KNYSTAUTAS (LTU) who has 32000 points.

Oslo bronze medalist Oskar MARVIK (NOR) has slipped to 11th for his 31000 points while Muminjon ABDULLAEV (UZB) is 12th with 30900 points.

Alin ALEXUC CIURARIU (ROU) is 13th with 28000 points while Tokyo fifth-placer and U23 world champion Amin MIRZAZADEH (IRI) is 14th with 23000 points.

African champion Abdellatif MOHAMED (EGY) takes the 15th spot with 18500 points.

#WrestleZagreb

Onishi encounters rough waters before sailing to 59kg gold

By Ken Marantz

ZAGREB, Croatia (September 16) -- Looking over at her coach was enough to inspire rising teenage star Sakura ONISHI (JPN) after she suffered a rare lapse early in the match. Having a four-time Olympic champion in your corner will have that effect.

Onishi bounced back from an early deficit to pile on points before notching a late victory by fall over Maria VYNNYK (URK) in the 59kg final at the World Championships in Zagreb on Tuesday, when the first two golds were awarded in women's wrestling.

"I'm really happy," said Onishi, who fell behind 6-1 before building up a 17-8 lead and ending the match with :09 left, giving her the gold in her senior world debut a month after winning a second straight world U20 title.

In a battle between continental champions for the other gold up for grabs, Asian titlist Kyong Ryong OH (PRK) needed less than a period to rout European winner Ekaterina VERBINA (UWW) 10-0 and become the second women's world champion in her country's history.

Also Read: Amouzad avenges Paris loss to Kiyooka

The 19-year-old Onishi currently attends powerhouse Nippon Sport Science University, where among her teammates is Paris Olympic champion Akari FUJINAMI (JPN). And one of her coaches is four-time Olympic champion Kaori ICHO (JPN), who is also among the Japanese team staff in Zagreb and was in Onishi's corner on Tuesday.

When Vynnyk, a three-time European U23 bronze medalist, scored an arm-drag takedown and added two gut wrenches to take a 6-1 lead, Onishi looked for the best source of inspiration she could find.

"I panicked a little, 'What should I do?'" Onishi said. "But I was determined to get the points back. Even if I give up a lot of points, it was still within what I had imagined might happen. There was still time and I thought it was alright.

"I looked at Kaori's face and thought, 'OK, just do it.'"

Kaori ICHO (JPN)Kaori ICHO (JPN), left, congratulates Sakura ONISHI (JPN) after the 59kg final. (Photo: United World Wrestling / Kadir Caliskan)

From that point, Onishi went on a rampage, scoring a double-leg takedown and gut wrench combination, an ankle-pick takedown, then a snapdown takedown to finish the first period with a 9-6 lead.

She opened the second period with another takedown, but then gave up points -- awarded on challenge -- when Vynnyk hit a counter lift. That made her wary and more precise with her attacks after that.

"I thought that that was what she was aiming for," Onishi said. "I had practiced stopping it. I knew if I used my hand fighting and feints well, I could definitely get the points. Up to the end, as I was dealing with that, I thought to keep penetrating."

After adding another takedown, Onishi thwarted a reverse counter lift to score 4 points and land Vynnyk on her back, where the Japanese met little resistance in securing the fall.

While Onishi relished reaching the pinnacle on the senior level, she has set her sites even higher -- the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics.

"It was really a fun tournament," Onishi said. "I had always been longed to be here. But this has not been my dream, it is the Olympics. Aiming for that, I have been told this is just a stage along the way. I am glad I could clear this stage.

"I will keep on working to get to Los Angeles. There will be various things that come up, but I will stay focused so that I can stand on the highest step of the podium in Los Angeles."

Kyong Ryong OH (PRK)Kyong Ryong OH (PRK) added a world title to her Asian title. (Photo: United World Wrestling / Kadir Caliskan)

Unlike Onishi, Oh encountered little difficulty in blowing away Verbina and adding the world gold to the Asian one she won in March in Amman.

"When I won the Asian and World Championships, I felt that all the tough training and hard work had finally paid off," Oh said.

Oh, also the Asian silver medalist in 2024, opened with a single-leg takedown, then reeled off three trap-arm rolls for a quick 8-0 lead. Another takedown attempt resulted in both wrestlers in a switch position, and Oh eventually gained control to end the match at 2:50.

"I wanted to show all the skills I’ve been training for in the best way possible," she said. "I thought that if I became a champion, I could make my father proud and bring a smile to his face. He was overjoyed and celebrated our victory in the international competitions, which made us recognized everywhere."

Oh joined Yong-Mi PAK (PRK), who won the 53kg gold in Nur-Sultan in 2019, as the lone women to win golds for DPR Korea. Her victory came a day after Chongsong HAN (PRK) won the freestyle 65kg gold, the country's first in that style since 2014.

Andreea ANA (ROU)The two bronze medalists at 55kg -- Sowaka UCHIDA (JPN), left, and Andreea ANA (ROU). (Photo: United World Wrestling / Kadir Caliskan)

Ana claims elusive bronze at 55kg

Andreea ANA (ROU), a three-time European champion making her seventh trip to a World Championships or Olympics, finally made it onto the medal podium.

The 24-year-old Ana secured an elusive bronze medal at 55kg, clinching a 6-3 victory over Yaynelis SANZ VERDECIA (CUB) in a late scramble that had to be sorted out after the final buzzer.

Leading 2-1, with all of the points scored on the activity clock, Ana and Sanz Verdecia both gained 2-point exposures in a flurry that ended with the Cuban on top. But Ana reached back and flung Sanz Verdecia to the mat just as time expired for a final 2 that was confirmed on challenge.

Japan picked up the other 55kg bronze when Sowaka UCHIDA (JPN), winner of the world U20 title at 57kg last year, finished up a 10-0 victory over Elvira KAMALOGLU (TUR) with 33 seconds left.

Uchida opened the scoring with a 4-point counter to a throw attempt in the first period, then methodically scored three takedowns to secure the bronze in her senior world debut.

At 59kg, Altjin TOGTOKH (MGL) rallied to an 8-4 victory over Anastasiia SIDELNIKOVA (UWW), while Laurence BEAUREGARD (CAN) won the other bronze with a second-period fall of Othelie HOEIE (NOR).

Togtokh, second at the Mongolia Ranking Series event in May, had given up a go-ahead takedown with :43 left when she quickly reversed, then gut wrenched Sidelnikova over for a 6-4 lead. She added a takedown just before the buzzer.

Beauregard was trailing 2-0 in the second period when she scored a takedown, then turned Hoeie over and secured the fall in 4:30.

Day 4 Results

Women's Wrestling

50kg
SEMIFINAL: Myonggyong WON (PRK) df. Remina YOSHIMOTO (JPN), 3-2
SEMIFINAL: Yu ZHANG (CHN) df. Munkhnar BYAMBASUREN (MGL) by Fall, 4:22 (9-0)

55kg (18 entries)
GOLD: Kyong Ryong OH (PRK) df. Ekaterina VERBINA (UWW) by TF, 10-0, 2:50

BRONZE: Sowaka UCHIDA (JPN) df. Elvira KAMALOGLU (TUR) by TF, 10-0, 5:26
BRONZE: Andreea ANA (ROU) df. Yaynelis SANZ VERDECIA (CUB), 6-3

57kg
SEMIFINAL: Helen MAROULIS (USA) df. Olga KHOROSHAVTSEVA (UWW) by Fall, 3:11 (5-0)
SEMIFINAL: Il Sim SON (PRK) df. Kexin HONG (CHN) by TF, 12-2, 3:55

59kg (22 entries)
GOLD: Sakura ONISHI (JPN) df. Maria VYNNYK (URK) by Fall, 5:51 (17-5)

BRONZE: Altjin TOGTOKH (MGL) df. Anastasiia SIDELNIKOVA (UWW), 8-4
BRONZE: Laurence BEAUREGARD (CAN) df. Othelie HOEIE (NOR) by Fall, 4:30 (4-2)

65kg
SEMIFINAL: Miwa MORIKAWA (JPN) df. Irina RINGACI (MDA) by TF, 10-0, 4:27
SEMIFINAL: Alina KASABIEVA (UWW) df. Enkhjin TUVSHINJARGAL (MGL) by TF, 13-3, 3:32

76kg
SEMIFINAL: Aiperi MEDET KYZY (KGZ) df. Anastasiya ALPYEYEVA (UKR), 10-5
SEMIFINAL: Genesis REASCO (ECU) df. Milaimy MARIN (CUB), 5-3