Saori Yoshida's niece Chisato wins U17 world gold

Thursday, August 3, 2023 - 18:38 By Vinay Siwach

ISTANBUL (August 3) -- With lessons from last year's loss and advice from 13-time world and three-time Olympic champion Saori YOSHIDA (JPN) -- and her aunt, no less -- Chisato YOSHIDA (JPN) won her first U17 world title in Istanbul, Turkiye on Thursday.

She was one of the three champions Japan crowned as it continues to dominate Women's Wrestling in all competitions. The United States won the remaining two finals as the first five gold medals were awarded in Istanbul.

Yoshida, who suffered a 3-1 loss to HARSHITA (IND) at 69kg in Rome last year, changed her tactics this year and upgraded her silver medal to gold.

"I'm going to fight until the very end and score a clean win," Yoshida was quoted as saying after her silver medal in Rome.

In the 65kg final on Thursday, Yoshida did leave it late but managed to win clean against Duygu GEN (TUR). She opted for a desperate slide-by in the final 15 seconds to score the match-winning takedown.

The 16-year-old from the Aichi Prefecture led 1-0 at the break as Gen was called for her inactivity but the Turkish wrestler got the 1-1 criteria lead after Yoshida was warned of the same in the second period. But Yoshida remained calm and scored a slide-by takedown to lead 3-1 before trying to arm-bar Gen which gave her two more points and a 5-1 win.

Yoshida, who stands at just 1.53 meters, celebrated her win by jumping around perhaps overcoming her loss from a year ago.

The daughter of Saori's elder brother Hidetoshi, Yoshida has been training since she was two years old and like Saori, she began training at the wrestling school her late grandfather Eikatsu founded in central Japan's Mie Prefecture.

Sowaka UCHIDA (JPN) defended her 57kg gold medal by beating Eylem ENGIN (TUR). (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

Joining Yoshida on the top of the podium was Sowaka UCHIDA (JPN) who defended her gold medal at 57kg in a similar run as she had in Rome. She had outscored her opponents 30-0 in four bouts in Rome and in Istanbul, she outscored her opponents 48-4 with only NEHA (IND) able to score on her.

While the host country Turkiye was hoping for an upset and win for Eylem ENGIN (TUR), Uchida was in no mood to grant that wish. She went to work from the first whistle and scored her first takedown using an outside single. She repeated the sequence with another single to her left and tried to get hold of the arm for the pin. But she managed only a takedown before transitioning into a leg lace to extend her lead 6-0.

With a minute and 32 seconds remaining on the clock, Yoshida completed her 10-0 win over Engin and added a second world title to her name.

Rinka OGAWA (JPN) locked Sviatlana KATENKA (AIN) a leg-lace and won the 49kg final 11-0. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

The third gold medal for Japan was won by Rinka OGAWA (JPN) at 49kg as she humbled two-time U17 European champion Sviatlana KATENKA (AIN) in the final. She needed only a minute and 36 seconds to claim the gold.

Katenka was warned for her passivity and while was trying to evade Ogawa's underhooks, Ogawa came out with a strong snap and scored her first takedown. She then locked up Katenka in a leg lace and finished the bout with four turns.

Morgan TURNER (USA) celebrates after scoring in the final seconds against Mona EZAKA (JPN) to win the 43kg gold medal. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

U.S wins 2 golds

Japan had the chance to have four world champions on Thursday but Morgan TURNER (USA) pulled off a clutch win at 43kg to deny Japan the gold medal.

Turner, who is a U17 Pan-Am champion from 2021, scored an exposure in the dying seconds of the final to beat the clock and Mona EZAKA (JPN) who left the mat in tears.

"I have been waiting for this since winning the world team trials so like six months," Turner said. "But I still want to win the Olympics. I don't want to be known only as the U17 world champ."

While the final was frantic in the second period, it began on a very slow note in the first as Ezaka was called passive and Turner got the first point on the board. Ezaka took the 1-1 criteria lead for Turner's passivity despite the American's effort to score a point in the activity period.

Turner kept her attacks going and in one sequence pushed Ezaka to the danger zone but the Japanese wrestler snuck out to score a stepout and lead 2-1.

"I had to be low because she was shorter than me," she said explaining her strategy for the final. "I knew I had to push the pace of the match."

The 16-year-old then went for a final attempt and tried a go-behind before switching to an arm-bar, turning Ezaka's shoulders more than 90 degrees and scoring two points. The officials did not score the points initially but the United States challenged and on review, two points were awarded to Turner, making her a 3-2 winner and a world champion.

"I knew I had to keep wrestling, keep pushing no matter the circumstances," she said. "She [Ezaka] is a great competitor. They train very well and I don't see any team like Japan. I don't think I will endure a practice like they do."

Turner's win over Ezaka, who lost her second straight U17 Worlds final, was the first time since 2015 that a wrestler from the U.S. managed to beat a Japanese wrestler, on the seventh attempt, in a gold medal bout.

Piper FOWLER (USA) defeated Lotta ENGLICH (GER) in the 73kg final to win the U17 World Championships gold. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan)

Though she did not beat a Japanese wrestler in the final, Piper FOWLER (USA) defeated returning bronze medalist Lotta ENGLICH (GER) to win the gold medal at 73kg, marking the first time an American wrestler has won the highest weight class at this age-group.

"It's always been a dream of mine [to win world title]," Fowler said. "It's hard work and you have to have confidence in yourself to be able to win big tournaments."

In the final, Fowler got the advantage as she was the aggressor and Englich was put on the activity clock. After being 1-0 up, Fowler countered an Englich attack by getting on a double-leg before going head-outside for a takedown. That gave her a 3-0 lead at the break

In the second period, Fowler planted her underhooks each time Englich tried going for attacks. While that put her on that activity clock late in the bout, she scored exposure from a cradle two seconds before the clock expired and extended her lead to 5-0. Englich scored a counter exposure but it was too little too late as Fowler won 5-2 to give the United States its second gold of Women's Wrestling.

On Wednesday, Fowler had defeated Ako UCHIYAMA (JPN) 6-0 in the opening bout, Laia HORTA (ESP) 13-0 in the quarterfinals and Aliaksandra KAZLOVA (AIN) 10-2 to reach the final against Englich who was trying to become only the third female from Germany to win a U17 world title.

"It was a hard match," she said. "I knew what I needed to do [to win] and stay out of positions. Getting a takedown always puts you ahead as you get points and then be steady after that, get to ties and get to attacks."

Fowler has now joined a growing list of U.S. women's wrestlers with a world title at the heaviest weight class. She said that she has looked up to all the wrestlers who have been at this stage before her.

"I have always looked up to those women, especially Adeline GRAY (USA)," she said. "It's incredible to see the things they do. I am just here to continue what they started.

MUSKAN (IND) will try to win her second U17 Worlds gold after she reached the 46kg final. (Photo: UWW / Ulug Han)

Japan, India enter 4 in WW finals

Japan managed to send four more wrestlers into the final on Thursday as it had done on Wednesday. India, after a disappointing start to Women's Wrestling on Wednesday, bounced back and placed four wrestlers in the final as well.

At 40kg, Koharu AKUTSU (JPN) rode on a second-period takedown against U17 European champion Klara WINKLER (GER) after the two wrestlers exchanged passivity points to confirm her spot in the final against RACHANA (IND). The Indian wrestler was involved in a thriller against Jaclyn BOUZAKIS (USA) but secured exposure in the final 10 seconds to win 5-4.

Sakura ONISHI (JPN) tries to pin Karlee BROOKS (USA) on her way to the 53kg final. (Photo: UWW / Ulug Bugra Han)

Sakura ONISHI (JPN) made it to her second straight U17 Worlds final as she defeated Fabiana RINELLA (ITA) 11-0 in the 53kg semifinal. Last year, Onishi suffered a heartbreaking loss to Mariia YEFREMOVA (UKR) and finished with a silver medal. To win her first U17 world title, she will wrestle Olga OVCHINNIKOVA (AIN) who pinned Sakibjamal ESBOSYNOVA (UZB) in the other semifinal at 53kg.

U17 world champion at 43kg, MUSKAN (IND) reached another U17 world final after she pinned Meiramgul AKHMETZHAN (KAZ) in the 46kg semifinals. Muskan was dominant throughout the day and will take on Natsumi MASUDA (JPN) for the gold medal. Masuda survived a scare against Daniella BEKY (NOR) when the Norway wrestler had Masuda locked in a double-arm and was looking for a pin. After scraping out of that position, Masuda finished the semifinal 12-2.

In another Japan vs. Norway semifinal, Konami ONO (JPN) pinned Leah SAMSONSEN (NOR) in the 61kg semifinal and she will now take on returning champion SAVITA (IND) who defeated Haylie JAFFEE (USA) 10-0, using five takedowns via her quick attacks.

An all-Balkan semifinal was held at 69kg as returning bronze medalist and U17 European champion Veronika VILK (CRO) defeated Evelin UJHELJI (SRB), 6-2, to reach the final as she tries to win a historic world title for Croatia. She will have to go past SRISHTI (IND) to do that as the Indian reached the final from the other side of the bracket after beating Jasmine ROBINSON (USA), 8-5, in a close semifinal.

RESULTS

43kg
GOLD: Morgan TURNER (USA) df. Mona EZAKA (JPN), 3-2

BRONZE: Nilufar NURMUKHAMMADOVA (UZB) df. Alina MAZHAROUSKAYA (AIN), 10-0
BRONZE: Aleksandra BEREZOVSKAIA (AIN) df. Maria GKIKA (GRE), 5-1

49kg
GOLD: Rinka OGAWA (JPN) df. Sviatlana KATENKA (AIN), 11-0

BRONZE: Tana TIULIUSH (AIN) df. DRISHTI (IND), 4-4
BRONZE: Heather CRULL (USA) df. Lonisa REKA (KOS), 10-0

57kg
GOLD: Sowaka UCHIDA (JPN) df. Eylem ENGIN (TUR), 10-0

BRONZE: Viktoria BOYNOVA (BUL) df. Aziza KELDIBEKOVA (KGZ), 5-4
BRONZE: NEHA (IND) df. YeoJin MIN (KOR), 10-0

65kg
GOLD: Chisato YOSHIDA (JPN) df. Duygu GEN (TUR), 5-1

BRONZE: Margarita SALNAZARIAN (AIN) df. Mukhayyo RAKHIMJONOVA (UZB), via fall (5-0)
BRONZE: Mouda HAMDOUN (EGY) df. Maryia MAKARCHANKA (AIN), via fall (10-4)

73kg
GOLD: Piper FOWLER (USA) df. Lotta ENGLICH (GER), 5-2

BRONZE: Aliaksandra KAZLOVA (AIN) df. Ako UCHIYAMA (JPN), 2-0
BRONZE: Elmira YASIN (TUR) df. Asaloy AMANGELDIEVA (UZB), 6-0

Veronika VILK (CRO) will try to win Croatia's first-ever wrestling world title on Friday. (Photo: UWW / Ulug Bugra Han)

Semifinals

40kg
GOLD: RACHANA (IND) vs. Koharu AKUTSU (JPN)

SF 1: RACHANA (IND) df. Jaclyn BOUZAKIS (USA), 5-4
SF 2: Koharu AKUTSU (JPN) df. Klara WINKLER (GER), 4-1

46kg
GOLD: Natsumi MASUDA (JPN) vs. MUSKAN (IND)

SF 1: Natsumi MASUDA (JPN) df. Daniella BEKY (NOR), 12-2
SF 2: MUSKAN (IND) df. Meiramgul AKHMETZHAN (KAZ), via fall

53kg
GOLD: Olga OVCHINNIKOVA (AIN) vs. Sakura ONISHI (JPN)

SF 1: Olga OVCHINNIKOVA (AIN) df. Sakibjamal ESBOSYNOVA (UZB), via fall
SF 2: Sakura ONISHI (JPN) df. Fabiana RINELLA (ITA), 11-0

61kg
GOLD: Konami ONO (JPN) vs. SAVITA (IND)

SF 1: Konami ONO (JPN) df. Leah SAMSONSEN (NOR), via fall
SF 2: SAVITA (IND) df. Emma JAFFEE (USA), 10-0

69kg
GOLD: Veronika VILK (CRO) vs. SRISHTI (IND)

SF 1: Veronika VILK (CRO) df. Evelin UJHELJI (SRB), 6-2
SF 2: SRISHTI (IND) df. Jasmine ROBINSON (USA), 8-5

#WrestleIstanbul

U17 World Championships offers glimpse of future stars

Wednesday, July 26, 2023 - 18:03 By Vinay Siwach

ISTANBUL, Turkiye (July 26) -- Beginning next week, future wrestling stars will be on show at the U17 World Championships in Istanbul, with the US, Iran, and Japan hoping to defend their team titles in Freestyle, Greco-Roman, and women’s wrestling, respectively.

The US has been a top nation at the age-group tournament in recent years, finishing second in 2021 and clinching the title in 2022 in Rome. Iran, traditionally a wrestling hotbed, may have slipped in Freestyle but has dominated Greco-Roman. Once again, it will be the favorite for the team title. Japan, undoubtedly the best in women’s wrestling, will be the country to beat in Istanbul.

But as trends show in recent years, these formidable nations will face stiff challenges from India, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Georgia, and the AIN team, which comprises neutral wrestlers. India has been on the heels of the top nations in Freestyle and women’s wrestling, winning the title in 2021 and finishing second last year. In women’s wrestling, it has finished second in the last two editions. Georgia has won the Greco team title in 2021 while Azerbaijan has finished second in 2019 and 2022.

Here’s a detailed per-style breakdown of the U17 World Championships, which will be live from July 31 on uww.org and the UWW App, which will have all the news, results, and interviews. All photos can be accessed at photo.uww.org.

Greco-Roman

Iran may be the defending team champions, but the home country, Turkiye, will be cheering for Cemal Bakir (TUR), the defending gold medalist at 110kg.

Bakir was dominant in Rome, winning the gold by outscoring his opponents 28-2 in four bouts, three of which ended after Bakir's technical superiority. He will also get a chance to avenge his 2023 U17 European Championships 5-3 loss to Saba Chilashvili (GEO).

Besides the two, the 110kg weight class will see all four of the U17 Asian medalists, including gold medalist Amirhossein ABDEVALI (IRI), silver medalist Bekzhan ISMAGULOV (KAZ), and the two bronze medalists Talasbek BOOBEKOV (KGZ) and RONAK (IND).

Nicholas SAHAKIAN (USA), who won the U17 Pan-Am title in both Freestyle and Greco-Roman, will look to make a mark at the world level as well.

The host nation will also have big hopes, especially from U17 European bronze medalist Mehmet SARP (TUR) at 45kg and 55kg U17 European silver medalist Halil CINAR (TUR), who finished fifth at the 2022 U17 World Championships.

Defending team champion Iran is bringing four continental champions, including Abdevali. The others are Mohammad MOHMADI (IRI) at 51kg, Mohammadreza GHOLAMI (IRI) at 55kg, and Aliakbar ASGHARI (IRI) at 92kg. Iran also has Payam AHMADI BALOOTAKI (IRI), who was a bronze medalist in the 45kg category last year but is moving up to 48kg.

Gholami will be the favorite to win the gold in Istanbul, but he will be challenged by Aytjan KHALMAKHANOV (UZB), the gold medalist at 51kg in 2022. Khalmakhanov finished with bronze at the U17 Asian Championships after suffering a semifinal loss to SURAJ (IND), the U17 world champion from Rome. Suraj lost to Gholami in the final but will be in Istanbul seeking revenge. Add to the list Maxim Sarmanov (MDA), who finished second at the U17 Euros.

Apart from Khalmakhanov, Uzbekistan will also have U17 Asian champion Shakhzod RUZIOKHUNOV (UZB) competing at 48kg, a year after winning the silver medal at 45kg. Three other wrestlers from 2022 are also jumping from 45kg to 48kg, including Balootaki and two fifth placers — Ionut Mereuta (ROU) and Beknur Mukan (KAZ).

Murat KHATIT (AIN) could well be the runaway star at 48kg after he won the U17 Euros with two falls and two technical superiority wins. Iuri CHAPIDZE (GEO) and Petro ZHYTOVOZ (HUN), the only two wrestlers who scored points on Khatit before getting pinned, are entered as well.

Kiryl VALEUSKI (AIN) will be the favorite to win the 60kg weight class as he won the U17 European Championships in dominating fashion. But Saba SURMANIDZE (GEO) will be hoping to get his hands on Valeuski and avenge his U17 European final loss.

All four 51kg European medalists -- Ilia KANDALIN (AIN), Peter TOTOK (HUN), Ali SEYIDALILI (AZE) and Koba KARUMIDZE (GEO) -- are entered. Similarly, all four European medalists at 65kg -- Petros ASHKARYAN (ARM), Giorgi TCHIKAIDZE (GEO), Constantin LUNGU (ROU) and Zaur BESLEKOEV (AIN) -- are also registered.

Abdurakhman ABDULKADYROV (AIN) and Yryskeldi KHAMZAEV (KGZ) at 71kg, Stanislaw FUSSY (POL), Szabolcs SZINAY (HUN) and Adam WATERS (USA) at 80kg, Saba PURTSELADZE (GEO), Asghari, Saipula GADZHIMAGOMEDOV (AIN) and Sardorbek RUSTAMOV (UZB) at 92kg will be a few other stars to keep an eye on.

Women's Wrestling

Four gold medallists are returning in a bid to add a second U17 world title to their resume and will be the favorites as well.

India, which finished second in the team race, has two returning champions — MUSKAN (IND) and SAVITA (IND).

Muskan won the world title at 40kg but she will be at 46kg in Istanbul. It will be interesting to see how she fares in the new weight class given the challenges that come with new weight. Savita will be defending her gold medal at 61kg, a weight class she won in dominating fashion in Rome.

Savita won U17 continental title in June and will spearhead an Indian team that also includes U17 Asian champions RACHNA (IND), PARVEEN (IND), NEHA (IND), SHIKSHA (IND), SRISHTI (IND) and KAJAL (IND). Muskan won silver at 46kg in Asia.

But can this team, which won the title in Asia, beat Japan for the title at the world level will be the biggest question.

Japan, considered the best nation in women’s wrestling, sent its second string to Asia but a top squad will be in Istanbul. It will be led by returning champion at 57kg Sowaka UCHIDA (JPN). If Uchida’s 2022 run is anything to go by, she will be the favorite to win the gold again.

2022 U17 world silver medalist Mona EZAKA (JPN) at 43kg, 2022 U20 Asia silver Natsumi MASUDA (JPN) will be at 46kg and trailblazer Rinka OGAWA (JPN) at 49kg will help Japan towards defending the title.

The 53kg weight class will be a real test for all the wrestlers at that weight as 49kg U17 world champ Ruzanna MAMMADOVA (AZE) is jumping up. So is bronze medalist Fabiana RINELLA (ITA). But the favorite will be returning silver medalist Sakura ONISHI (JPN) who was seconds away from winning the gold in 2022. She suffered a heartbreaking 3-1 loss to Mariia YEFREMOVA (UKR) in the final as she tried a desperate move and got whizzed while trailing 1-1 on criteria.

Japan will also bank on Chisato YOSHIDA (JPN) as she is making a remarkable drop from 69kg to 65kg. She lost to Harshita MOR (IND) in the final at 69kg last year. Though Mor is not there, Yoshida still needs to through Shiksha and U17 European champion Duygu GEN (TUR) and silver Margarita SALNAZARIAN (AIN).

Konami ONO (JPN) will take the spot at 61kg and look to challenge Savita along with Ekaterina RADYSHEVA (AIN) who won the U17 European gold.

At 69kg, returning bronze Veronika VILK (CRO) will be looking for gold as she won the U17 Euros as well, winning her four bouts in Tirana via fall. She will be the favorite to win the title but can have a tough time against Srishti, Japan champion Ai SAKAI (JPN), U17 Euro silver Elif KURT (TUR) and Jasmine ROBINSON (USA) who lost to Vilk in the quarterfinal last year after leading.

Other U17 European champions in action will be Klara WINKLER (GER) at 40kg, Aleksandra BEREZOVSKAIA (AIN) at 43kg, Sviatlana KATENKA (AIN) at 49kg, Fabiana RINELLA (ITA) at 53kg, and Ekaterina RADYSHEVA (AIN) at 61kg.

At 73kg, Kajal will be the favorite along with U17 Euro silver Aliaksandra KAZLOVA (AIN) and Lotta ENGLICH (GER), a bronze medalist from 2022. Piper FOWLER (USA) and Asaloy AMANGELDIEVA (UZB) will be the dark horses in the race.

Freestyle

For the last two editions of the U17 World Championships, India and the US have been involved in a tight race for the title with both nations exchanging titles in 2021 and 2022.

The US is bringing two of its medalist, Christian CASTILLO (USA) and Zackary RYDER (USA), from 2022 while India has one returning bronze medalist in Jaspooran SINGH (IND).

Both the US and India dominated their respective continental championships with the former winning six gold medals and four silvers while India won one gold and four silver.

Azerbaijan, which was a close third in 2022, also has a solid squad led by U17 European champion Jafar JAFAROV (AZE). Haji KARIMOV (AZE), Jamal ABBASOV (AZE) and Yusif DURSUNOV (AZE) also won gold at the U17 European Championships and will be in Istanbul. It also boasts of Bashir VERDIYEV (AZE) who was a silver medalist in Rome at 45kg but is jumping to 48kg in a bid to win a gold at the U17 world level.

Armenia won the team title in Tirana and has medalists in Sasha PETROSYAN (ARM), Samvel GEVORGYAN (ARM), Vladimir AZARYAN (ARM), Narek NIKOGHOSYAN (ARM), Razmik YEPREMYAN (ARM) and Henrik HAYKYAN (ARM).

Iran will hope to rebound from a disastrous 2022 tournament in which it won only one gold medal. At the U17 Asian Championships, Iran won six gold medals and a similar run will be expected from it at the U17 World Championships.

Castillo will look to upgrade his silver from 2022 to gold but for that, he will need to wrestle a bunch of top wrestlers including U17 European champion Giorgi MAISURADZE (GEO) and Petrosyan who was silver to Maisuradze. ROHIT (IND), the silver medalist at U17 Asia, is also entered.

For Ryder to win gold at 80kg, he will have fellow 2022 bronze medalist and now U17 European champion Alexandru BORS (MDA) and 71kg bronze medalist Yepremyan who was second to Bors in Europe. Abolfazl RAHMANI FIROUZJAEI (IRI) and Saurabh YADAV (IND) can also cause a few roadblocks.

While the two will be critical in helping the US defend the team title, it will also bank on Marcus BLAZE (USA) at 55kg, Benjamin DAVINO (USA) at 60kg who beat last year's silver Jax FORREST (USA) to make the US team, and Aoeden SINCLAIR (USA) at 92kg. Sinclair, who is coached by Ben ASKREN (USA), who will be in Istanbul, lost to Ryder in national selection trials last year.

Davino will look to contribute to the race and for that, he will have to beat a solid field. He will be joined by European champion Abassov and Asian champion Omurbek ASAN UULU (KGZ) and silver medalist Sajad PIRDAYEH (IRI) and Japan's national champion Akito MAEHARA (JPN).

India's only U17 Asian champion ANKUSH (IND) will try to keep the trend of India winning at least one Freestyle gold at the U17 Worlds since 2021 going. He will face Akhmad MUSAKHADZHIEV (AIN) who was fifth at the 2021 U17 Worlds, European finalists Karimov and Gevorgyan, Amirreza TEYMORIZAD (IRI) who he defeated in the Asian final and Blaze.

Azerbaijan looks good to dethrone others and win the team title, banking on Verdiyev, Jafarov, Karimov, Abassov and Dursunov.

Verdiyev's path to 48kg gold will go through Gegi ONIANI (GEO) who defeated Verdiyev at U17 Euros 3-3. He will also face U17 Asian finalists RUPESH (IND) and Sam Reza SAYAR (IRI).

Jafarov needs to find his form again as he, at 45kg, faces Asian finalists Ahora KHATERI (IRI) and Dhanraj SHIRKE (IND), Ebubekir GUR (TUR) who scored six points on him in U17 Europeans and 2021 U17 Pan-Am champ Ignacio VILLASENOR (USA).

At 110kg, Dursunov has to negotiate Henrik HAYKYAN (ARM) who he beat in the Euro final and two bronze medalists Aleksandre ABRAMISHVILI (GEO) and Rusen GULER (TUR). U17 Asian champion Yedige KASSIMBEK (KAZ) will be his biggest threat along with returning bronze Singh. Sampson STILLWELL (USA) and U17 Asia silver Abolfazl NEZHAD (IRI) will fancy their chances to beat Dursunov.

Saori Yoshida's niece Chisato wins U17 world gold

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U17 World Championships offers glimpse of future stars